Studien zur Internationalen Geschichte
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Edited by:
Eckart Conze
, Julia Angster , Simone Derix , Marc Frey , Kiran Klaus Patel and Johannes Paulmann
"Internationale Geschichte" stellt eine zentrale Dimension der Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts dar. Sie umfasst Beziehungen zwischen den Staaten und Gesellschaften ebenso wie Prozesse ihrer Vernetzung und wechselseitigen Durchdringung im Zeichen beschleunigter Kommunikation und wachsender Interdependenz. Die Studien zur Internationalen Geschichte wollen das Verständnis der internationalen Dimension von Geschichte fördern. Sie greifen auf, was die systematischen Sozialwissenschaften zur Erklärung der internationalen Beziehungen bereitstellen, und tragen mit empirisch dichten Untersuchungen zur Präzisierung theoretischer Einsichten bei.
Die Studien zur Internationalen Geschichte werden herausgegeben von Eckart Conze, Julia Angster, Simone Derix, Marc Frey, Kiran Klaus Patel und Johannes Paulmann.
Topics
What did the term "European Union" mean to the governments of France, Great Britain, Germany, and the European Commission when they were negotiating the Maastricht Treaty in the early 1990s? The answer is: they associated very different concepts with the term "union" – such as "democratic Europe," "Europe of the market," and "Europe of a single voice."
It was US President Richard Nixon’s trip to China in 1972 that pulled China onto the international political stage, triggering a discussion in West Germany about foreign policy involving China within a multipolar world order. But debates had already been taking place about China’s role in a "bipolar" or "multipolar" "world political" order in the 1960s and 1970s, as Andreas Plöger illustrates in this study.
This study examines why the international armaments business became the object of social debates and attempts at international legal regulation in the early twentieth century. It shows that the discussions surrounding the regulation of the arms trade were negotiating two issues: imperial hierarchies and the consequences of capitalist value generation for international politics.
The first global age of terrorism began with the murder of Tsar Alexander II on March 1, 1881. This prize-winning book describes this period by looking at state and media reactions to the most spectacular assassinations. At the center of its analysis is a state that was affected by political violence like no other, the Russian Empire, revealing connections with Western Europe, the US, Japan, and China.
From the wars in the disintegrating Yugoslavia to the civil war in Sierra Leone – "corporate warriors" have appeared in almost all relevant conflicts since the end of the Cold War. The emergence of private military companies, however, goes back even further. This volume is the first to reconstruct the history of the first generation of private military companies, starting with their origins in decolonization and the Cold War.
By looking at the development of international economic statistics, this book examines globalization processes and the dynamics that drive them. It questions widespread periodizations by showing that, from the First World War, it took accelerated globalization processes in the "material sense" to make the "de-globalization processes" visible that shaped the 1920s and 1930s for people of that time and later observers.
After its independence in 1957, Ghana sent specialists to both German states for professional education and training. This transnational entanglement history takes various perspectives to analyze the goals that Ghana, the FRG, and the GDR pursued with these programs during the Cold War and their respective development plans. It also takes into account the interests of Ghanaian specialists and the freedom they had to make their own decisions.
This study provides insights into the dynamics of rule and resistance in the time of political transformation during the late British colonial period in South Africa. People who had experienced racist marginalization were fighting against a system of white rule that prepared and ultimately enacted increasing disenfranchisement. Their activism made use of politically subversive tactics, which are still relevant today.
It was nothing less than the introduction of a new global economic order that would take the place of the old system of exploitation that the states of the so-called Third World were demanding in the 1970s and early 1980s. This book analyzes the rise and fall of this demand during the oil crises of the 1970s, which at first paved the way for the debate but soon became a great burden on the solidarity of the global South.
The international history of the city of Tangier begins long before its time as a specific administrative zone. As early as 1840, the city became the seat of important commissions that controlled access to the Strait of Gibraltar on behalf of infrastructure projects and shaped the cityscape. Daniela Hettstedt examines the intertwining of international and colonial mechanisms of rule as "shared colonialism" in its local consequences.
Using the example of Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd (1958–1966), this study examines the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa. For the first time, it spotlights Verwoerd’s intellectual development, including his politics of radical racial separation. By his domestic political repression, Verwoerd led his country into international isolation.
Tanzania’s efforts to construct an independent “African socialism” were part of a global discussion about the royal road to development, the ambiguous role of capitalist “developmental assistance,” and the nature of “solidarity” with communist states. The study discusses negotiative processes and day-to-day experiences amid the global tensions of the Cold War, decolonization, and competing socialisms.
The book tells the history of Turkish nation-building after the First World War from a global historical perspective. The author focuses on the relationship between Turkish nationalists and the League of Nations. She demonstrates the ideas, interactions, and structures that linked the nationalist project with Geneva internationalism, thereby revealing connections between national and global order.
Francophony became a political project in the last third of the 19th century, one that continued to operate until decolonization. The book examines the actors, ideas, and practices of language and language politics as a seismograph of French self-consciousness and as an instrument for maintaining politico-cultural order. This study focuses on the complex interplay between the French nation state, its empire, and international politics.
Promoting “friendship” with the Soviet Union during the Cold War was no small task. Yet, alongside the expansion of political diplomatic missions, the Friendship Associations did serve to expand East-West cultural exchange. The comparative examination of several countries opens perspectives on the interplay between government and societal actors in cultural foreign policy.
Against the backdrop of a “population explosion” in the “Third World,” Maria Dörnemann examines the construction of population and associated political practices in Kenya by local, national, and international actors from the 1930s to the 1980s. She demonstrates the reciprocal impacts between population-policy thinking, its implementation in concrete programs, and visions of development for Kenya.
The early 1980s were marked by numerous sources of international tension. The study first examines the strategies for political action of François Mitterrand and his foreign policy team from the “second cold war” to German reunification. New methodological approaches for studying the history of emotions help analyze the strategies used by major foreign policy players to deal with confrontation.
In the 19th century, protectorates and similar forms of imperial rule created asymmetrical power structures, in which sovereign states became the playthings of their protector. Yet the status of protectorate guaranteed more autonomy than a colonial status and became a separate category in international law. The study examines how why these forms of rule came into being and their impact on notions of sovereignty.
This study presents the Paris Peace Treaties of 1919-20 in a new light. Going beyond conventional narratives about the "dictated" peace of Versailles and the failures of the peacemakers, the book offers a fresh and comprehensive look at the five peace treaties with Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. Marcus Payk exhibits the influence of late 19th century normative expectations and demonstrates how the entire peace settlement was deeply imbued by notions of international law, justice, and legality. The study examines the political power as well as intrinsic logic of legal arguments in foreign affairs, arguing for a more nuanced picture of a juridification of international politics.
The Sandinista revolution led to a burst of transnational solidarity with Nicaragua. In West Germany there were over 300 groups – some of them left-wing, some Christian, and some libertarian – committed to supporting the aims of the Sandinistas. Based on research in Germany and Nicaragua, the dissertation examines transnational networks and practices of solidarity, with particular attention to Nicaraguan agency.
After 1945, traveling to Poland meant going to an unknown “Eastern Bloc” country. Corinna Felsch has collected an extensive number of private travel reports. Based on these sources, she examines the importance of the past in these travelers’ encounters with Poland. The study offers insight on personal perceptions of history and a new window to the history of German-Polish relations.
The “non-aligned movement” was a unique phenomenon in the history of decolonization, of South-South cooperation, of the Cold War, and of the North-South conflict. Several Asian, African, and Latin American nations banded together to add additional weight to their common interests. Jürgen Dinkel analyzes the history of the entire movement as a response by the “global South” to the transformation of international relations in the 20th century.
Can history textbooks contribute to rapprochement between the peoples of Europe? After 1945, this question was answered affirmatively in many places, and this led to extensive international discussion about school textbooks. In his study, Romain Faure offers the first systematic investigation of international schoolbook revision in Europe between 1945 and 1989.
Ever since the 1950s there has been a “Conservative Internationale” in Western Europe that has received virtually no public notice. Johannes Grossmann traces the intersecting paths of major conservative politicians, entrepreneurs, and journalists in multiple transnational elite circles, their influence on decision-making processes, their contribution to the Europeanization of political thought, and their shifting ideologies from 1945 to 1990.
G8 summit meetings are events that still attract considerable attention in the international press. Their origin as G7 summits (minus Russia in the days of the Cold War) goes back to the economic and political crises of the 1970s. Enrico Böhm looks back at the expectations and roles linked to the summits, which are also indicators of the ways that international politics has changed in an era of more intensive globalization.
Today, environmental security is a socially compelling issue. As a historian, the author shows that the connection between environment and security did not originate with the end of the Cold War. Rather, environmental concerns related to security policy were already evident in 1970. Then as now, international environmental problems that transcend borders have challenged political demarcations while demanding new solutions.
The publication of confidential American diplomatic dispatches at WikiLeaks has once again drawn widespread public attention to the conflict between the radical demand for open journalism and the persistence of secret government policies. In his study, Peter Hoeres successfully explores the historical underpinnings of this antagonism.
“This work is relentlessly analytical and, at the same time, a pleasure to read. While advancing historical research on remembrance, it sets a new standard for a political and cultural history of colonial relations.” – Jürgen Osterhammel
Während des Ersten Weltkriegs waren Polen mehrheitlich nicht für ihr eigenes Land in den Krieg gezogen, sondern für die Teilungsmächte Deutschland, Russland und Österreich-Ungarn, aber auch auf Seiten der Entente. Nach 1918 mussten die polnischen Veteranen daher für die staatliche Anerkennung ihrer Kriegsteilnahme in Erinnerungskultur und Sozialpolitik kämpfen. Sie nutzten dafür Kontakte und Wissen, die sie durch ihre Mitarbeit in internationalen Veteranenverbände (FIDAC, CIAMAC) gewannen. Sie kämpften für eine angemessene soziale Versorgung, aber auch gegen einen neuen Krieg – zumeist im Zwiespalt zwischen materiellen Interessen, staatlicher Selbstbehauptung und internationaler Verständigung. Julia Eichenberg zeigt unter Berücksichtigung der internationalen Einflüsse, wie sich Veteranenbewegung und der junge polnische Staat wechselseitig konsolidierten und entwirft so eine europäische Geschichte Polens in der Zwischenkriegszeit.
Gegen 44 Mitbewerber konnte sich der 37-Jährige mit seiner Monografie "Atlantiker gegen Gaullisten" durchsetzen. Der Preis ist mit 10.000 Euro dotiert.
In den 1960er Jahren entbrannten in CDU und CSU heftige Auseinandersetzungen über den außenpolitischen Kurs. Zwischen amerikanischer Entspannungspolitik und der Vision eines „europäischen Europas“ des französischen Präsidenten de Gaulle stritten Atlantiker und Gaullisten um das angemessene Verhältnis zu Washington bzw. Paris und um die Europa-, Sicherheits- und Deutschlandpolitik.
Soziokulturelle Umbrüche und die ungeklärte Kanzlernachfolge intensivierten diesen Konflikt, dessen ideengeschichtliche Wurzeln Tim Geiger ebenso aufzeigt wie die Abhängigkeit von den Verbündeten.
Auf breiter Quellenbasis werden außenpolitische Sachdifferenzen, persönliche Rivalitäten und Profilierungsbestrebungen der Protagonisten sowie konkurrierende parteiinterne Netzwerke dargelegt.
Pressestimmen
"Zunächst, und für seine gründliche Untersuchung höchst fruchtbar, ergründet Geiger die längerfristigen außenpolitischen Prägungen der maßgeblichen Protagonisten. Im weitgesteckten Rahmen der Jahre 1958 bis 1969 zielt er auf bemerkenswertem Quellenfundament sodann darauf ab, ,Entstehung, Entfaltung und Abklingen' der Kontroverse vom Ende der Ära Adenauer bis zur Großen Koalition unter Kurt Georg Kiesinger analytisch zu erfassen..."
Ulrich Lappenküper, FAZ 10.09.2008 "
.... es lohnt sich, dieses Werk zu lesen."
Herbert Elzer, Historisch-Politisches Buch 56 (2008)
"Keiner hat dieses Thema so gründlich und quellengesättigt untersucht wie nun Tim Geiger in seiner umfangreichen Dissertation, die das Hauptaugenmerk auf den Streit um die deutsch-französischen Beziehungen während der Endphase der Ära Adenauer und der Regierungszeit von Ludwig Erhard legt. ... Mit seiner historiographischen Verzahnung von Partei- und Außenpolitik, von Weltanschauung und politischem Personal gelingt Geiger ein Beitrag zu einer modernen Geschichtsschreibung der internationalen Beziehungen."
Peter Hoeres, sehepunkte 8 (2008), Nr. 12
"L'ouvrage de Tim Geiger contribue à mieux comprendre les choix d'orientation, la genèse des bouleversements, le difficile rapprochement - plus qu'on ne l'admet généralement - du couple franco-allemand et bien sûr le souci, aujourd'hui encore, pour l'Allemagne réunifiée de trouver l'option médiane qui préseve les intérêts allemands en Europe en coopération avec la France tout en prenant soin de maintenir d'étroits rapports avec les États-Unis pour mieux affronter les défis et menaces du monde moderne."
(Übers. Silke Stammer: Der Band von Tim Geiger trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis für die Richtungsentscheidungen bei, für die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Umbrüche, für die - mehr als heute zugegeben wird - schwierige Annäherung des deutsch-französischen Tandems und natürlich für die bis heute bestehende Sorge des wiedervereinigten Deutschland, den optimalen Mittelweg zu finden...")
Jérôme Pascal, documents 5/6 Dezember 2008
"insgesamt ein mitunter spannender Blick auf die sechziger Jahre." Strategie und Technik, August 2008
In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Versuch unternommen, Interdependenzen aufzuzeigen, innerstaatliche und zwischenstaatliche Entwicklungen zu skizzieren und ihre Einflüsse auf die Gestaltung der Außenbeziehungen mehrerer Staaten herauszuarbeiten. Politische, strategische und wirtschaftliche Faktoren werden aufeinander bezogen und im Kontext von Ursache und Wirkung politischer EntScheidungsprozesse interpretiert.
Dieses Buch beschäftigt sich mit dem Anteil Großbritanniens an den Veränderungen im europäischen Staatensystem vom Ende des Krimkrieges bis zur Gründung des deutschen Kaiserreichs, wobei theoretisch wie methodisch von der politischen Ökonomie ausgegangen wird und auf dieser Grundlage erstmals die ökonomischen Faktoren für die europäische Politik in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts analysiert werden.