Reconsidering language shift within Singapore’s Chinese community: A Bourdieusian analysis

References

Aman, Norhaida, Viniti Vaish, Wendy. D. Bokhorst-Heng, et al. 2006. The Sociolinguistic survey of Singapore. Project No. CRP 22/04 & CRP 23/04AL. Singapore: Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice.Search in Google Scholar

Blackledge, Adrian. 2000. Monolingual ideologies in multilingual states: Language, hegemony and social justice in Western liberal democracies. Estudios de Sociolingüística 1(2). 25–45. doi: 10.1558/sols.v1i2.25.Search in Google Scholar

Blommaert, Jan. 2006. Language policy and national identity. In Thomas Ricento (ed.), An introduction to language policy: Theory and method, 238–254. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar

Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy & Lionel Wee. 2007. Language planning in Singapore: On pragmatism, communitarianism and personal names. Journal of Current Issues in Language Planning 8(3). 324–343.10.2167/cilp118.0Search in Google Scholar

Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy D. 1999. Singapore’s speak mandarin campaign: Language ideological debates in the ‘imagining of the nation.’ In Jan Blommaert (ed.), Language ideological debates, 235–365. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar

Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy D. & Rita E. Silver. 2016. Contested spaced in policy enactment: A Bourdieusian analysis of language policy in Singapore. Language Policy. doi:10.1007/s10993-016-9410-6.Search in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511812507Search in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and symbolic power, edited John B. Thompson. Translated by Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre & Loïc. Wacquant. 1992. An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar

Call for Dialect-speaking Volunteers to Spread News about Pioneer Generation Package. 2014. The Straits Times, April 27.Search in Google Scholar

Chua, Seng Chew. 1962. State of Singapore: Report on the census of population, 1957. Singapore: Department of Statistics: Government Printing Office.Search in Google Scholar

Curdt-Christiansen, Xiaolan. 2015. Family language policy in the Chinese community in Singapore: A question of balance? In Li Wei (ed.) Multilingualism in the Chinese diaspora worldwide, 255–275. London: Routledge.10.4324/9781315759371-15Search in Google Scholar

Fishman, Joshua. 2001. Reversing language shift: Theory and practice of assistance to threatened languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Search in Google Scholar

Fong, Sip Chee. 1983. Speech by Maj. Fong Sip Chee, Minister of State for Culture, at the opening of the SEAMEP RELC regional seminar on ‘New trends in language syllabus design’ at the RELC on 18 April 83 at 9.00am [Press release]. http://drm.a2o.nas.sg/DJVUServer/PdfStampServlet?app=starsandfilepath=pdfdoc/fsc19830418s.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Foo, Lynette. 2008. Local filmmakers include more Chinese dialects in recent works. Channel News Asia, June 7. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/358575/1/.html.Search in Google Scholar

Garrett, Paul. 2014. Language socialization and language shift. In Alessandro Duranti, Elinor Ochs & Bambi Schieffelin (eds.), The handbook of language socialization, 515–535. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley-Blackwell.10.1002/9781444342901.ch22Search in Google Scholar

Goh, Keng Swee & The Education Study Team. 1979. Report on the ministry of education 1978. Singapore: Government of Singapore.Search in Google Scholar

Gopinathan, Saravanan. 1998. Language policy changes 1979–1997: Politics and pedagogy. In Saravanan Gopinathan, Ann Pakir, Ho Wah Kam & Vanithamani Saravanana (eds.). Language, society and education in Singapore: Issues and trends, 19–44. Singapore: Times Academic Press.Search in Google Scholar

Government’s Hard-nosed Approach Defended. 1987. The Straits Times, April 20.Search in Google Scholar

Great, Great World. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/itsagreatgreatworld.Search in Google Scholar

Heng, Jonathan Chee Fook. 2006, Nov 29. Knowledge of dialect can be an advantage. Today, 29 November 2006, p. 22. http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/today20061129-2.2.28.4.2.aspx (accessed 28 July 2016)Search in Google Scholar

Heng, Swee Keat. 2012. Speech by Mr Heng Swee Keat, Minister for Education, at the Launch Ceremony of the Speak Mandarin Campaign 2012 on Friday, 27 July 2012, at 11am at the Mochtar Riady Auditorium, Singapore Management University. Singapore: MOE.Search in Google Scholar

Irvine, Judith & Susan. Gal 2000. Language ideology and linguistic differentiation. In Paul V. Kroskrity (ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities, 35–84. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.Search in Google Scholar

Jaffe, Alexandra. 2007. Minority language movement. In Monica Heller (ed.). Bilingualism: A social approach, 50–70. Basingstoke, Hampshire & New York, N.Y: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230596047_3Search in Google Scholar

Jenkins, Richard. 2002. Pierre Bourdieu, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, David C. 2013. Language policy. Hampshire, UK and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9781137316202Search in Google Scholar

Khoo, Chian Kim. 1980. Census of population 1980 Singapore. Release No. 8. Languages spoken at home. Singapore: Department of Statistics.Search in Google Scholar

Kline, Stephen. 1998. The making of children’s culture. In Henry Jenkins (ed.), The children’s culture reader, 95–109. New York: New York University Press.10.18574/nyu/9780814743782.003.0009Search in Google Scholar

Lai, Linette. 2013. Young people speak up for dialects. The Straits Times, October 20.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Edmund Eu Fah. 2002. Profile of Singapore Chinese dialect groups. Singapore: Department of Statistics. http://www.howardscott.net/4/Swatow_A_Colonial_Heritage/Files/Documentation/Lee%20Eu%20Fah.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Lee, Hsien Loong. 1988. Speech by the Minister for Trade and Industry, BG Lee Hsien Loong, at the launching ceremony of the Speak Mandarin Campaign at the Singapore Conference Hall on 3 October 1988 at 8.00pm. Document number lhl19881003s. http://www.nas.gov.sg.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Kuan Yew. 1972. Summary of speech by the Prime Minister at the Singapore Teachers Union’s 26th anniversary dinner held at Shangri-La Hotel on 5th November, 1972. Document no. lky19721105. http://www.nas.gov.sg.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Kuan Yew. 1979. Address by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew at the opening ceremony of the ‘Promote the Use of Mandarin’ campaign on 7 September 1979. Document no. lky19790907. http://www.nas.gov.sg.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Kuan Yew. 2012. My lifelong challenge: Singapore’s bilingual journey. Singapore: Straits Times Press.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Philip. 1979. ‘Yes’ – A thousand hands say it. The Straits Times, September 24.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, Samuel. 2003. TV stations ticked off. The Straits Times, February 27.Search in Google Scholar

Leimgruber, Jakob. 2013. The management of multilingualism in a city-state: Language policy in Singapore. In Peter Siemund, Ingrid Gogolin, Monika Edith Schulz & Julia Davydova (eds.), Multilingualism and language diversity in urban areas: Acquisition, identities, space and education, 227–256. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/hsld.1.12leiSearch in Google Scholar

Leong, Weng Kam. 1979. Dubbing in mandarin: Public is not keen. The Straits Times, November 1.Search in Google Scholar

Leong, Weng Kam. 2015. The evolution of the Chinese language. In Lian Pang Cheng (ed.), 50 years of the Chinese community in Singapore, 131–148. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. doi: 10.1142/9789814675413_0007.Search in Google Scholar

Lim, Lisa. 2010. Migrants and ‘mother tongues’: Extralinguistic forces in the ecology of English in Singapore. In Lisa Lim, Anne Pakir & Lionel Wee (eds.), English in Singapore: Modernity and management, 19–54. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.10.5790/hongkong/9789888028436.003.0002Search in Google Scholar

Lim, Marie. 2016. Free dialect workshops in some community clubs. The New Paper online, January 20. http://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore-news/free-dialect-workshops-some-community-clubs.Search in Google Scholar

Lin, Yanqin. 2008. Dialects spark new bonding. Today, April 21. http://newspapers.nl.sg/digitised/article/today20080421-2.2.2.2.aspx.Search in Google Scholar

Lo Bianco, Joseph. 2010. The importance of language policies and multilingualism for cultural diversity. International Social Science Journal 61(199). 37–67. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2010.01747.xSearch in Google Scholar

Makiharn, Miki & Bambi. Schieffelin. 2007. Consequences of contact: Language ideologies and sociocultural transformations in Pacific societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324983.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

May, Stephen. 2011. Language policy. In Michael Grenfell (ed.), Bourdieu, language and linguistics, 147–169. London: Continuum.Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Education (MOE). 2010. Mother tongue languages review committee report. Nurturing active learners and proficient users. https://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/files/2011/mtl-review-report-2010.pdf (accessed 28 July 2016).Search in Google Scholar

More Cantonese and Hokkien Shows on Cable. 1997. The Straits Times, May 16.Search in Google Scholar

Myers-Scotton, Carol. 2006. Multiple voices: An introduction to Bilingualism. Malden, Maine: Blackwell Publishing.Search in Google Scholar

Ngiam, Tong Dow. 2004. Education and growth. Speech by Mr. Ngiam Tong Dow at the inaugural FASS (Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences) lecture at the Lecture Theatre, National University of Singapore, on 26 October 2004. http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ecs/department/EducationandGrowth.pdf (accessed 28 July 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Ong, Sor Fern. 2016. Do you know your grandmother tongue? The Straits Times, July 19. http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/do-you-know-your-grandmother-tongueSearch in Google Scholar

Oon, Clarissa. 2009. Dialects draw more new learners. The Straits Times, April 7.Search in Google Scholar

Phneah, Jeraldine. 2013. Reintroduce dialects back into Singapore. The Online Citizen. March 30. http://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2013/03/reintroduce-dialects-singapore/.Search in Google Scholar

Phneah, Jeraldine & Mah Poh Ee. 2014. Petition to reintroduce dialects on local TV/Radio programs in Singapore. http://www.thepetitionsite.com/312/814/814/support-the-reintroduction-of-dialects-on-local-tvradio-programs/.10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_122064Search in Google Scholar

Pinyin and Pragmatism. 1991. The Straits Times, December 23.Search in Google Scholar

Please Give it a Second Thought. 1979. The Straits Times, October 26.Search in Google Scholar

Rawolle, Shaun & Bob. Lingard 2013. Bourdieu and educational research: Thinking tools, relational thinking, beyond epistemological innocence. In Mark Murphy (ed.), Social theory and education research: Understanding foucault, Habermas, Bourdieu and Derrida, 117–137. New York, NY: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Ricento, Thomas. 2009. Models and approaches in language police and planning. In Marlis Hellinger & Anne Pauwels (eds.), Handbook of language and communication: Diversity and change, 211–240. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.10.1515/9783110198539.2.211Search in Google Scholar

Ruiz, Richard. 1984. Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal 8. 5–34.10.21832/9781783096701-004Search in Google Scholar

Savage, Mike & Elizabeth Silva. 2013. Field analysis in cultural sociology. Cultural Sociology 7(2). 111–126.10.1177/1749975512473992Search in Google Scholar

Silver, Rita E. 2002. Policies on English language and economic development. In R. E. Silver, G. Hu & M. Iino (eds.), English language education in China, Japan, and Singapore, 99–169. Singapore: National Institute of Education. https://repository.nie.edu.sg/bitstream/10497/16120/1/EnglishLanguageEducation_a.pdf#page=118.Search in Google Scholar

Silver, Rita E. 2005. The discourse of linguistic capital: Language and economic policy planning in Singapore. Language Policy 34. 47–66.10.1007/s10993-004-6564-4Search in Google Scholar

Silver, Rita E. & Wendy D Bokhorst-Heng. (eds.). 2016. Quadrilingual education in Singapore: Pedagogical innovation in language education. Education Innovation Series. Singapore: Springer.Search in Google Scholar

Singstat. 2000. Census of population 2000 Advance DATA release. Chapter 4 – Literacy and language. Singapore: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry.Search in Google Scholar

Singstat. 2010. Census of population 2010 Statistical release 1: Demographic characteristics, education, language and religion. Singapore: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications-and-papers/cop2010/cop2010-sr1.Search in Google Scholar

Singstat. 2015. Population trends. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/population_and_population_structure/population2015.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

Soh, Yi Da. 2013. The power dynamics of chinese dialects in Singapore. Posted on Facebook, April 22. https://www.facebook.com/notes/soh-yi-da/the-power-dynamics-of-chinese-dialects-in-singapore/10151412482383876.Search in Google Scholar

Speaking More Mandarin ‘Will Lessen Problems’. 1981. The Straits Times, June 9.Search in Google Scholar

Swartz, David. 1997. Culture and power: The sociology of pierre Bourdieu. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226161655.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Tan, B. H. 1980. Drop dialects at home and help your child do better in school. PM’s message to dialect speaking parents. The Straits Times, November 17, p. 9.Search in Google Scholar

Tan, June. 1980. In line with speak mandarin drive. Pinyin names in pre-primary and primary one classes next year. The Straits Times, November 20.Search in Google Scholar

Ting, Lisabel. 2014. 50 Nursery rhymes in 5 Dialects. The Straits Times, January 21.Search in Google Scholar

Two in Three Want at Least Some Dialect Shows. 1981. The Straits Times, September 28.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Xuan, Kasper Juffermans & Du Caixia. 2015. Harmony as language policy in China: An internet perspective. Language Policy, open access. doi: 10.1007/s10993-015-9374-y.Search in Google Scholar

Webb, Jenn, Tony Schirato & Geoff. Danaher 2002. Understanding Bourdieu. London: Sage Publishers.10.4135/9781446221488Search in Google Scholar

Wee, Lionel. 2011. Language without rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737437.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Wee, Lionel & Wendy D. Bokhorst-Heng 2005. Language policy and nationalist ideology: Statal narratives in Singapore. Multilingua 24(3). 159–183.10.1515/mult.2005.24.3.159Search in Google Scholar

Wodak, Ruth. 2014. The European parliament: Multilingual experiences in the everyday life of MEPs. In Johann Unger, Michael Krzyzanowski & Ruth Wodak (eds.), Multilingual encounters in Europe’s institutional spaces: Advances in sociolinguistics, 125–146. London: Bloomsbury.Search in Google Scholar

Wong, Alice. 1979. Dubbing: No compromise. No need for survey … We will not change policy says Dr. Ow. The Straits Times, November 4.Search in Google Scholar

Yeo, Jessica. 2007. Students learn dialect to communicate with elderly. Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved from http://www.touch.org.sg/node/452.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, Rongchen. 2013. Dialects – Where do they belong in our language environment? IPS Commons, June 21. Retrieved from: http://www.ipscommons.sg.Search in Google Scholar