2 Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks
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Amit Kumar
Abstract
Citric acid is the most important organic acid produced in tonnage and is used extensively in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries due to its low cost and high efficiency compared to other acidulates. Citric acid is produced by fungi, bacteria and yeasts under solid-state and submerged state fermentations. Aspergillus niger is one of the most dominant producer of citric acid. Different fruit wastes and agricultural residues are employed as surplus resources for microbial production of citric acid. In this review, the microbial sources and different organic wastes involved in citric acid production have been discussed. Furthermore, the recovery, purification and application of citric acid in different human utilities have also been reviewed.
Abstract
Citric acid is the most important organic acid produced in tonnage and is used extensively in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries due to its low cost and high efficiency compared to other acidulates. Citric acid is produced by fungi, bacteria and yeasts under solid-state and submerged state fermentations. Aspergillus niger is one of the most dominant producer of citric acid. Different fruit wastes and agricultural residues are employed as surplus resources for microbial production of citric acid. In this review, the microbial sources and different organic wastes involved in citric acid production have been discussed. Furthermore, the recovery, purification and application of citric acid in different human utilities have also been reviewed.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the editors V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Global organic acids production and their industrial applications 1
- 2 Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks 21
- 3 Microbial production of lactic acid using organic wastes as low-cost substrates 35
- 4 Succinic acid: applications and microbial production using organic wastes as low cost substrates 51
- 5 Fumaric acid: fermentative production, applications and future perspectives 69
- 6 An overview about the approaches used in the production of alphaketoglutaric acid with their applications 95
- 7 Gluconic acid: strategies for microbial production using organic waste and applications 111
- 8 Itaconic acid: microbial production using organic wastes as cost-effective substrates 125
- 9 Malic acid: fermentative production and applications 149
- 10 Butyric acid: fermentation production using organic waste as low-cost feedstocks 163
- 11 Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production 177
- Index 195
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the editors V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XIII
- 1 Global organic acids production and their industrial applications 1
- 2 Citric acid: fermentative production using organic wastes as feedstocks 21
- 3 Microbial production of lactic acid using organic wastes as low-cost substrates 35
- 4 Succinic acid: applications and microbial production using organic wastes as low cost substrates 51
- 5 Fumaric acid: fermentative production, applications and future perspectives 69
- 6 An overview about the approaches used in the production of alphaketoglutaric acid with their applications 95
- 7 Gluconic acid: strategies for microbial production using organic waste and applications 111
- 8 Itaconic acid: microbial production using organic wastes as cost-effective substrates 125
- 9 Malic acid: fermentative production and applications 149
- 10 Butyric acid: fermentation production using organic waste as low-cost feedstocks 163
- 11 Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production 177
- Index 195
