Performance and Applications of Semifluidized Bioreactors – A Review
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C. M. Narayanan
Abstract
This paper reviews the design features and performance characteristics of semifluidized bed bioreactors. Both biofilm reactors and immobilized enzyme bioreactors have been analysed. Also, both two phase (liquid – solid) and three phase (gas – liquid – solid) operations are considered. Apart from the hydrodynamic parameters (semifluidization velocity, bed expansion ratio, height of packed section formed, fractional fluid holdups in both fluidized and packed sections), all other operating/system parameters affecting reactor performance such as axial dispersion, intrinsic kinetics of bioconversion (mostly nonlinear), the effectiveness factor and Thiele – type modulus have also been surveyed. The specific advantages and attractive features of these bioreactors have been highlighted based on data from successful case studies such as bioplastic synthesis, biodiesel manufacture, Xanthan gum production and aerobic waste water treatment with and without LPO (Liquid Phase Oxygen) utilization.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to his young students, Tripti De, Shrijita Das and Subrata Biswas, who worked hand – in – hand with him during the execution of the research projects discussed in this paper. Special vote of thanks to all fellow members of the International Research Group (IRG), to a number of consultancy firms and software companies of India and abroad for their ingenuous assistances.
Nomenclature
modified Archimedes number, dimensionless
concentration of hydrogen peroxide, g/L
concentration of methyl acetate, moles/L
concentration of methyl acetate in feed solution, moles/L
capacity parameter, dimensionless
substrate concentration in liquid, g/L or moles/L
substrate concentration in product solution, g/L or moles/L
substrate concentration in feed solution, g/L or moles/L
substrate concentration at packed – fluidized section interface, g/L or moles/L
Flow parameter, dimensionless
diameter of support particle, m
diameter of particle-biofilm aggregate, m
diameter of bioreactor column, m
effective diffusivity of substrate into biofilm,
axial dispersion coefficient for packed section,
axial dispersion coefficient for fluidized section,
Eo ̈tvo ̈s number, dimensionless
volume fraction of biofilm in particle-biofilm aggregate,
drag coefficient, dimensionless
gas phase Froude number, dimensionless
liquid phase Froude number, dimensionless
Contois kinetic constant, dimensionless
LPO utilization coefficient, g/L
kinetic constant, g/L or moles/L
kinetic constants, moles/L
substrate inhibition coefficient, g/L or moles/L
total height of semifluidized bed, m
characteristic dimension of particle-biofilm aggregate/solid phase, m
height of fluidized section, m
height of packed section, m
height of initial static bed, m
Morton number, dimensionless
volume flow rate of substrate solution,
intrinsic rate of bioconversion, g/
kinetic constant, moles/(L.s)
bed expansion ratio, dimensionless
Reynolds number at minimum fluidization, dimensionless
particle Reynolds number, dimensionless
modified Reynolds number, dimensionless
average superficial velocity of gas, m/s
minimum fluidization velocity of liquid in liquid – solid fluidized bed, m/s
operating superficial velocity of liquid, m/s
minimum semifluidization velocity of liquid, m/s
maximum semifluidization velocity of liquid, m/s
terminal free settling velocity of particle-biofilm aggregate, m/s
Weber number, dimensionless
modified Weber number, dimensionless
biomass (cell mass) concentration in biofilm, g/L
overall yield coefficient for cell mass production, mg/mg
fractional conversion of substrate, dimensionless
parameter defined in eq. (28), dimensionless
biofilm thickness, m
bed voidage (fluid holdup in the bed), dimensionless
total fluid holdup in fluidized section, dimensionless
fractional gas holdup in fluidized section, dimensionless
fractional liquid holdup in fluidized section, dimensionless
total fluid holdup in packed section, dimensionless
fractional gas holdup in packed section, dimensionless
fractional liquid holdup in packed section, dimensionless
effectiveness factor, dimensionless
liquid viscosity, kg/(m.s)
maximum specific growth rate,
liquid density, kg/
density of microbial solution, kg/
density of support particle, kg/
density of particle-biofilm aggregate, kg/
interfacial tension, N/m
Thiele-type modulus, dimensionless
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Review
- Fractal Reactor in Micro-Scale for Process Intensification
- Articles
- Surface Separation Equilibria and Dynamics of Cationic Dye Loaded onto Citric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Treated Eggshells
- UV and Solar Light Induced Natural Iron Oxide Activation: Characterization and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compounds
- Study of Permissible Flow Rate and Mixing Efficiency of the Micromixer Devices
- Modeling and Comparison a Thermally Coupled Reactor of Methane Tri – Reforming and Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane Reactions for Syngas Production in Both Co- & Counter-Current Modes
- Nonlinear Computational Treatment for Couple Stress Fluid Flow with Cattaneo-Christov Double Diffusion and Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions
- Performance and Applications of Semifluidized Bioreactors – A Review
- Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of Thermal Decomposition of Deodar (Cedrus Deodara) Saw Dust and Rice Husk as Potential Feedstock for Pyrolysis
- Optimization of Aqueous NH4+/NH3 Photodegradation by ZnO/Zeolite Y Composites Using Response Surface Modeling
- Effect of Chemical Reaction on Maxwell Nanofluid Slip Flow over a Stretching Sheet
